Although it may seem paradoxical to treat a disorder involving hyperactivity with a stimulant, amphetamines are an effective treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Their therapeutic benefit is achieved by increasing neurotransmitter activity in brain regions responsible for impulse control, specifically the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.

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Amphetamines are a class of psychostimulant drugs that accelerate the transmission of messages between the brain and the body. While some forms are prescribed by doctors to treat conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), they are also frequently produced and used illicitly, carrying a significant potential for abuse.

Amphetamines

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

A delusional or psychotic state, closely resembling acute schizophrenia, that is brought on by repeated use of high doses of amphetamine

Amphetamine Psychosis

Amphetamines exert their stimulant effects through a dual-action mechanism involving dopamine. They are similar to cocaine in that they block the reuptake of dopamine from the synapse, but they also actively stimulate the release of this neurotransmitter, which further increases its concentration and impact.

Amphetamine's Mechanism of Action

Therapeutic Use of Amphetamines for ADHD

A person consumes a substance that is known to be a psychostimulant. Shortly after, they report feeling highly energetic, focused, and euphoric, with a reduced appetite and need for sleep. Which of the following statements best analyzes the most likely underlying neurochemical reason for these specific effects?

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