In Robert Zajonc's study on social facilitation using cockroaches, what was the observed effect of an audience on the subjects' performance in a complex maze?

Based on the findings of Robert Zajonc's cockroach experiment, arrange the following experimental conditions in order from the expected fastest completion time (1) to the expected slowest completion time (4).

In Robert Zajonc's cockroach experiment, if the audience had improved completion times for both the simple runway and the complex maze, this result would have refuted his hypothesis concerning social inhibition.

In Robert Zajonc's study of social facilitation using cockroaches, which apparatus was specifically designed to represent the 'simple task' condition?

According to the results of Robert Zajonc's cockroach study, the presence of an audience has a consistently beneficial effect on performance regardless of the difficulty of the task.

In Zajonc's (1969) cockroach study on drive theory, match each condition or finding with its correct description.

In Robert Zajonc's cockroach study, the finding that an audience slowed cockroach completion times in the complex cross-shaped maze is the empirical evidence that _____ his hypothesis that social presence impairs performance on difficult tasks.

A researcher wants to replicate the conceptual findings of Zajonc's classic cockroach experiment in a human laboratory. Participants are asked to perform either a simple task (writing their signature repeatedly) or a complex task (writing their signature in cursive mirror-image). They complete these tasks either alone or while being watched by a quiet audience of peers.

Based on the empirical results of Zajonc's cockroach study, match each experimental condition in this new study with its predicted relative performance outcome.

According to Robert Zajonc's drive theory of social facilitation, what is the causal sequence that explains why the presence of an audience impaired the performance of cockroaches in the complex cross-shaped maze? Arrange the steps of this theoretical mechanism in order from the initial social stimulus to the final behavioral outcome.

To evaluate the internal validity of Zajonc's study and support a causal claim, the researchers did not merely observe cockroaches in different social settings; instead, they used a true experimental design characterized by the active ______ of the independent variable (the presence of an audience).