Latin American Growth

China's Economic Decline

India's Progress in Living Standards and Persistent Poverty (14th Century to Present)

Living Standards Visualization: Pre-1800 Limitations

The Great Divergence: Global Economic Inequality and the Industrial Revolution

Comparing GDP Per Capita Levels and Growth Rates Across Nations

Intra-Country vs. Inter-Country Inequality in the 14th-17th Centuries

Examples Using GDP to Calculate National Economic Growth 1000-2000CE

Alternative Interactive Chart for GDP Data

Variability of the 'Hockey Stick' Growth Pattern Across Countries

Britain's Early and Gradual 'Hockey Stick' Kink

Japan's Sharp 'Hockey Stick' Kink around 1870

Broadberry's 2021 Synthesis on the Great Divergence

Total Economy Database as a Source for Historical Economic Data

Broadberry, Guan, and Li's 2018 Study on China's Economic History

Bishnupriya Gupta's Research on India's Economic Stagnation under British Rule and Post-Independence Growth

Validity of Historical GDP Estimates for Non-European Economies

An economic historian discovers a previously unknown set of detailed tax records from 15th-century Italy that suggest income levels were slightly different from what is currently depicted on the 'history's hockey stick' graph. Based on the nature of the data used to construct this graph, what is the most likely consequence of this discovery?

Evaluating Historical Economic Data

The 'history's hockey stick' graph is based on a single, unchanging dataset originally compiled in the 20th century and is considered a final, definitive record of historical GDP.

The foundational historical data used to construct the 'history's hockey stick' graph, which illustrates long-term economic growth, was primarily compiled through the extensive work of the economic historian ____.

Evaluating Historical Economic Data Revisions

Critique of the 'History's Hockey Stick' Graph's Data Foundation

An economics student is comparing two versions of the 'history's hockey stick' graph. One is from a textbook published in 2005, and the other is from a 2023 research paper. The student observes that the estimated GDP per capita for Britain in the 1700s is slightly different between the two graphs. What is the most plausible explanation for this difference?

Reliability of Historical Economic Data

An economic researcher is studying the 'history's hockey stick' graph, which visualizes long-term changes in average income. The researcher wants to use the graph to pinpoint the exact decade that Italy's economy began to consistently outperform China's before the year 1500. Why would this be an inappropriate use of the graph, considering how its data was constructed?

The 'Flat World' and the Great Divergence: A Millennium of Global Inequality

Angus Maddison's Contribution to Historical Economic Data

Ongoing Refinement of Historical Economic Data

Catch-Up Growth of 'Latecomer' Economies: India and China