Tweets were divided into original vs retweet. Original tweets included original tweets and replies, and retweets included simple retweets and quote tweets.

VOSviewer was used for text mining and creating co-occurrence networks for terms, descriptions of Twitter users, tweet texts, and hashtags. It was also used to look at the average number of Twitter mentions by term, average number of retweets received y users, and the dates of Tweets posted.

To compare tweets to names of publications, they removed URLs, handle names, the # symbol, and the @ symbol from the tweets, then measured the similarity between these cleaned up tweets and publication names using cosine similarity scores calculated through Python.