Transformation can be used to add recombinant DNA to bacterial cells in cloning experiments. Transformation can occur by heat or electricity with competent cells. 

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Transformation is a method of horizontal gene transfer where foreign, naked DNA is taken up by a bacteria. Many bacteria are competent at interacting with environmental DNA and take up DNA. Transformation has been used for genetic engineering purposes with bacteria as well.

Transformation

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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