Men, non-White people, and individuals in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups report experiencing a greater number of traumatic events than do women, White people, and individuals in higher SES groups.

Demographics of Traumatic Event Exposure

Some stressors involve traumatic events or situations in which a person is exposed to actual or threatened death or serious injury. Examples of these stressors include exposure to military combat, physical assaults (e.g., physical attacks, sexual assault, robbery, childhood abuse), terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and automobile accidents.

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Refers to perceived threatening or demanding stimuli, and in turn initiating the stress process.

Stressors

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Aneshensel, C. S. (1992). Social Stress: Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 15–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083444

Social Stress: Theory and Research

- Social support
- Denunciation
- Collective action
- Ritual
- Stigmatization
- Reinterpretation of stress


Mediation Forms that Impact Effects of Stressors

The experience of stress begins with an encounter with a potential stressor. These stimuli can be categorized in various ways and include a wide range of events, such as major traumas, significant life changes, daily annoyances, and other situations that expose an individual to regular threat or challenge.

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