Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses a magnet to activate the brain. First developed in 1985, rTMS has been studied as a treatment for depression, psychosis, anxiety, and other disorders.

Unlike ECT, in which electrical stimulation is more generalized, rTMS can be targeted to a specific site in the brain. Scientists believe that focusing on a specific site in the brain reduces the chance for the types of side effects associated with ECT. But opinions vary as to what site is best.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a biologically based treatment for severe mental disorders, particularly severe depression that has not responded to drug therapy. The procedure involves using an electrical current to induce seizures, which helps alleviate symptoms. While the exact mechanism of action is not understood, ECT has a high success rate, with about 85% of patients showing improvement. However, due to significant side effects like memory loss associated with repeated treatments, it is typically implemented as a last resort.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)


Syracuse University

This list includes different categories and types of methods for treating and/or managing different bipolar and related disorders. These can be broken down into categories of methods that include:
- Effective Treatment Plans for Bipolar Disorder
- Medication Treatments
- Psychotherapy Treatments
- Medical Interventions
- Beyond Treatment: Things You Can Do


Treatment and Management Methods for Bipolar and Related Disorders

National Institute of Mental Health . (n.d.). Bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder 

Bipolar Disorder

An effective treatment plan for those with bipolar disorder usually includes a combination of medication and psychotherapy, also called “talk therapy.”

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. Episodes of mania and depression typically come back over time. Between episodes, many people with bipolar disorder are free of mood changes, but some people may have lingering symptoms. Long-term, continuous treatment can help people manage these symptoms.

Effective Treatment Plans for Bipolar Disorder

Medications generally used to treat bipolar disorder include mood stabilizers and second-generation (“atypical”) antipsychotics. Treatment plans may also include medications that target sleep or anxiety. Health care providers often prescribe antidepressant medication to treat depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, combining the antidepressant with a mood stabilizer to prevent triggering a manic episode.

Treating Bipolar Disorder: Medication 

Psychotherapy is a term for a variety of treatment techniques that aim to help a person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can provide support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Psychoeducation 

Treatment may also include newer therapies designed specifically for the treatment of bipolar disorder:
- Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) 
- Family-focused therapy

Treating Bipolar Disorder: Psychotherapy

Treating Bipolar Disorder: Other Treatment Options

- Regular exercise 
- Keeping a life chart

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