Pharmacotherapy is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery, radiation, and movement. 

Pharmacotherapy

The use of information and communication technology as means to deliver psychiatric services remotely. It may include videoconferencing, phone-based applications, asynchronous services, etc. In telepsychiatry, primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, psychologists, social workers, and nurses collaborate with psychiatrists.


Telepsychiatry

VR interventions are utilized for clinical & practical purposes, interventions cover a wide array of areas. Research suggests VR interventions compare favorable to existing treatment. 

VR interventions

Neurosurgery is a term used to refer to surgical procedures involving the nervous system. Some specific surgeries of this type are able to treat psychological illnesses.

Neurosurgery

Psychological intervention is defined as a relationship aimed at promoting a better adaptation of the individual to a given situation and thereby optimizing his or her personal resources in relation to autonomy, self-knowledge and self-help 

Psychological Intervention

Mind-body interventions are health and fitness interventions that are intended to work on a physical and mental level such as Tai Chi, Qi Gong, meditation, and yoga.

Mind-Body Intervention

The study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. Mycotherapy, also known as fungal or mushroom therapy, is a branch of natural medicine exploring the therapeutic properties and potential health benefits of various mushrooms. The practice of using mushrooms for medicinal purposes has been observed in different cultures throughout history, and it continues to gain recognition and scientific interest in modern times.

Mycotherapy

References for treatment methods used in health psychology go here. 

Treatment Methods Used in Health Psychology References

Psychobiotics are beneficial bacteria (probiotics) or support for such bacteria (prebiotics) that influence bactera-brain relationships and have great therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. 

Psychobiotics 

Trauma-informed mindfulness is a mindfulness practice paired with trauma specific psychoeducation to facilitate awareness of and exposure to conditioned trauma responses, without avoidance or reactivity to those experiences. 

Trauma-Informed Mindfulness 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy centered on helping clients examine and change the relationship between their thoughts and their behaviors. The primary goal is to identify and modify cognitive distortions and self-defeating actions, thereby changing not only how individuals think but also how they act in response to various situations.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a biologically based treatment for severe mental disorders, particularly severe depression that has not responded to drug therapy. The procedure involves using an electrical current to induce seizures, which helps alleviate symptoms. While the exact mechanism of action is not understood, ECT has a high success rate, with about 85% of patients showing improvement. However, due to significant side effects like memory loss associated with repeated treatments, it is typically implemented as a last resort.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

In the context of addiction treatment, behavioral therapy plays a crucial role in motivating individuals to engage with their treatment program. It also equips them with practical strategies for managing cravings and preventing relapse.

Role of Behavioral Therapy in Addiction Treatment

- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Physiological Approaches
- Combination Approaches
- Telepsychiatry
 - Virtual Reality (VR) Intervention
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 
- Neurosurgery
- Psychological Intervention
- Mind-Body Intervention
Nutraceuticals
- Psychobiotics
- Trauma-Informed Mindfulness 
- Integrative Psychotherapy 

University of Illinois at Chicago

Michigan State University

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Syracuse University

Boston University

Pepperdine University

Health psychology is a subfield of psychology that focuses on how human health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, utilizing an approach known as the biopsychosocial model. Professionals in this field aim to help individuals achieve better health through public policy, education, intervention, and research. Health psychologists often conduct research exploring the connections between a person's genetic makeup, psychological stress, behavioral patterns, relationships, and their overall health outcomes. They also investigate effective ways to motivate people to address behaviors that negatively impact their health.

Health Psychology

iResearchNet. (2017). Health psychology interventions. Psychology. Retrieved October 6, 2021, from http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/papers/health-psychology-interventions/. 

Health Psychology Interventions

The brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) purports that addiction is, fundamentally, a chronic and relapsing brain disease. The main argument is that drug use alters the brain's reward system and circuitry.

Brain Disease Model of Addiction (BDMA)

References for Health Psychology go here.

Health Psychology References

NIMH. (2022). NIMH. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/ 

National Insituite for Mental Illness (NIMH)

Root Node for research in the field of and/or related to Health Psychology.
-	Focuses of Research Relating to Health Psychology
-	Research Methods Used in Health Psychology


Research in Health Psychology 

Important and/or general concepts relevant to the field of Health Psychology
-	Biopsychosocial Health Model 
-	Health Behaviors


Concepts in Health Psychology

Important and/or general theories relevant to the field of Health Psychology
-	Attachment Theory
-	Family Systems Theory


Theories in Health Psychology

These are the various divisions within Health Psychology that focus on different areas, aspects, and applications of psychology to health.
-	Clinical Health Psychology
-	Community Health Psychology
-	Critical Health Psychology
-	Public Health Psychology
-	Occupational Health Psychology

Sub-Disciplines in Health Psychology

These are fields of study that are strongly related to the concepts and theories within health psychology.
-	Geropsychology
-	Nutrition Psychology
-	Occupational Health Psychology
-	Sport(s) Psychology


Related Disciplines to Health Psychology

Treatment Methods Used in Health Psychology

Using this node to adjust the health psychology reference nodes.

Placeholder Node

The Biopsychosocial Model is an approach used by health psychologists to assess the biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that determine ones health.

Biopsychosocial Model

Stress is a process through which an individual perceives and responds to events, known as stressors, that they appraise as overwhelming or threatening to their well-being. This cognitive appraisal of the event and one's ability to cope with it is a key determinant of the resulting physiological or psychological strain. While often viewed negatively, stress can also be an adaptive response to challenging situations.

Stress

The biopsychosocial model is an approach used in health psychology which proposes that human health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological elements (such as genetic makeup), psychological elements (such as stress and behavior patterns), and sociocultural elements (such as relationships). This framework is often visualized as three overlapping circles representing the interconnected nature of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Biopsychosocial Model in Health Psychology

A primary objective of health psychology is to understand and improve health outcomes through various activities. These include studying the link between stress and illness, investigating the reasons behind lifestyle choices like smoking or poor diet, and designing effective interventions to promote healthier behaviors. A fundamental task is also to identify which demographic or behavioral groups are at a higher risk for negative health outcomes, allowing for targeted prevention and support.

Goals of Health Psychology

Research within health psychology examines the links between various factors and health outcomes. Common topics include the effects of genetic predispositions, behavioral patterns, social relationships, and psychological stress on well-being. A significant focus is also placed on discovering effective methods to motivate people to adopt healthier behaviors.

Research Topics in Health Psychology

A city's public health department wants to launch a campaign to reduce smoking rates. One proposed campaign focuses solely on distributing pamphlets that list the severe long-term health consequences of smoking, such as lung cancer and heart disease. Based on the core principles of how psychological factors and behavior influence health, analyze the potential limitations of this single-focus approach.

Analyzing a Public Health Initiative

Health psychology developed into a distinct discipline during the 1970s. This emergence was driven by a growing scientific and public awareness of the significant role that behavioral patterns and lifestyle factors play in the onset and progression of various illnesses and diseases.

Emergence of Health Psychology

The primary goal of health psychologists is to help individuals improve their well-being. They achieve this through a variety of methods, including influencing public policy, conducting educational programs, designing clinical interventions, and carrying out scientific research.

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