Trial and error is a commonly used problem-solving strategy where one continues to try different solutions until the problem is solved. Although it is not typically one of the most time-efficient strategies, it is an effective method for testing solutions.

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1. Trial and error
2. Algorithm
3. Heuristic

Types of Problem-Solving Strategies

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Trial and error is a common problem-solving strategy that involves attempting various solutions sequentially until the problem is solved, as captured by the adage, 'If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.' While widely used, this method is not always the most time-efficient approach.

Trial and Error

An algorithm is a problem-solving formula that provides a set of step-by-step instructions to achieve a specific outcome. Similar to a detailed recipe, it is designed to produce the same result consistently each time it is followed.

Algorithm

An experienced chef is attempting to create a new signature soup. Instead of following a pre-written recipe or randomly adding ingredients, the chef starts by tasting the base broth and thinks, 'This is a bit bland; it probably needs more acidity and salt.' Based on years of experience, they add a squeeze of lemon and a specific type of sea salt, tasting after each addition. Which problem-solving approach does this action best represent?

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that people rely on to simplify the complex task of forming and maintaining beliefs. Because forming detailed and accurate beliefs requires extensive observation, memory, and analysis, individuals use these efficient cognitive strategies. However, relying on heuristics can sometimes lead to incorrect conclusions.

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