The HAT/DESC subfamily of TTSPs is hallmarked by an identical stem region that has a single sea urchin sperm protein, enteropeptidase, agrin (SEA) domain as well as similar amino acid sequencing in all other domains.  Members include:

- DESC1 (encoded by TMPRSS11E)
- HAT (encoded by TMPRSS11D)
- HAT-like 4 (encoded by TMPRSS11F)
- HAT-like 5 (encoded by TMPRSS11B)
- TMPRSS11A (encoded by TMPRSS11A)

HAT/DESC Subfamily of TTSPs

Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases (TTSPs) are a large family of serine proteases.  They can be further categorized based off of the amino acid sequence of their stem region, which exists between a transmembrane signal anchor and the serine protease domain, as well as the chromosomal location of their genes.  Subfamilies include:

- matriptase
- hepsin/transmembrane protease serine (hepsin/TMPRSS) 
- corin
- human airway trypsin-like protease/differentially expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (HAT/DESC)

Michigan State University

Serine proteases are a type of enzyme that are diversely spread throughout all kingdoms of life.  Their function is to cleave a bond in a peptide via hydrolysis.  Typically, they are endoproteases, meaning they work in the middle of a peptide chain.  Additionally, they are allosteric enzymes.  This means that their function and activity can be controlled by an effector molecule that induces a conformational shape change in the enzyme.  Their name is derived from the serine amino acid and its side chain that plays an important role in its function that resides in the enzyme active site.

Serine Proteases

Sales, K. U., Hobson, J. P., Wagenaar-Miller, R., Szabo, R., Rasmussen, A. L., Bey, A., ... & Bugge, T. H. (2011). Expression and genetic loss of function analysis of the HAT/DESC cluster proteases TMPRSS11A and HAT. PLoS One, 6(8), e23261.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023261
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023261

Expression and Genetic Loss of Function Analysis of the HAT/DESC Cluster Proteases TMPRSS11A and HAT

A serine protease that has a variety of physiological and pathophysiological substrates.  Dysregulation of furin has been shown to lead to the promotion of infectious diseases and certain types of cancer.  Furin can also be called paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme (PACE).

Furin

Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a serine protease.  Its gene is located on chromosome 21 at 21q22.3.  Androgen signaling controls its expression upstream of the gene's transcriptional start site.  

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