A pattern centered around behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation whose period is longer than a circadian rhythm. Frequency of occurrence is less than once per day. Examples include the menstrual cycle, or seasonal shifts in body weight.

- Circannual 

Infradian rhythms

A pattern centered around behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation whose period is shorter than a circadian rhythm. These periods usually range from several minutes to hours. Ultradian rhythms can be a part of a circadian rhythm. For example, humans have a 90 minute ultradian cycle of within the circadian sleep-wake cycle. 

Ultradian rhythms

A rhythm of behavior shown by an animal deprived of external cues about time of day, where the animal maintains its own cycle. Not exactly 24 hours long. Otherwise known as the natural rhythm, it is not just a reflection of external cues. 

Free-running

A pattern centered around behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation that repeats every 24 hours. Major value of a circadian rhythm is synchronizing behaviors and body states with environmental changes, providing temporal organization. 

Circadian Rhythms

- Circadian rhythms
- Infradian rhythms
- Ultradian rhythms
- Free-running

University of Rochester

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

- Types of biological rhythms
- Sleeping and waking
- Changes in biological rhythms
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Focuses of Biological Rhythms

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

The endogenous clock can be adjusted through a variety of means, though the most common is light. 
- Phase shift
- Entrainment 


Changes in biological rhythms

- Sleep stages
- Sleep patterns over a lifetime
- Sleep onset
- Sleep regularity
- Biological functions of sleep
- Neural systems underlying sleep
- Sleep deprivation
- General anesthetics
- Sleep disorders
- Tracking Information During Sleep
- Sleep-wake cycle

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