Harmful personal interaction (ie. bullying and demeaning comments) due to one's disability

Direct Disablism

Inaccessible services resulting in institutional or structural discrimination 

Indirect Disablism

State University of New York at Binghamton

Thomas introduced "psycho-emotional disablism" to describe the psychological harm caused by social prejudice and exclusion, defining disablism as the avoidable restriction of life activities and a form of social oppression. He also argues that "impairment effects" should be a secondary but legitimate focus, as they intertwine with disablism. For clinical psychology to engage, the concept must resonate as a psychological construct, with models like SPAARS offering insight into how repeated disablist experiences can trigger automatic emotional responses. Psychological grounding of the concept could yield valuable theoretical and socio-political insights for both disciplines.

Integrating Disability Studies and Clinical Psychology

The quality of being discriminatory or prejudiced against those with disabilities.
Ableist behaviors can include stereotyping and devaluing people with disabilities or in some cases violence towards those with disabilities. 

Ableism (Disablism)

Simpson, Jane, and Carol Thomas. Clinical Psychology and Disability Studies: Bridging the Disciplinary Divide on Mental Health and Disability. Disability & Rehabilitation, 2014. doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.961656.

Reference For: Clinical Psychology and Disability Studies: Bridging the Disciplinary Divide on Mental Health and Disability

Types of Disablism

Criminal (and often violent) attacks that target individuals with disabilities.

Disablist Hate Crimes

Ableism inhibits social integration and cultural peace by reinforcing problematic attitudes.

Sociocultural Implications of Ableism

Disability is a form of involuntary social deviance that causes an overall negative response (stigma). As such, it is often defined in the context of power, marginalization, and oppression. 

Disability Stigma

The authors note that an increase in disabled students does often note an increase in access for disabled students in higher education but does not have any bearing on whether or not academia still perpetuates ableism.

Correlation between Higher Numbers of Disabled Students and Ableism

Individuals with disabilities face varying stigmas based on whether or not their disability is seen as visible or invisible. These stigmas are most prominant in social, vocational, and educational settings. 

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