- Accelerated heart rate
- Headaches
- Gastrointestinal problems

Trinity College (CT)

- Positive
- Tolerable
- Toxic
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Behavioral

Types of Stress Responses

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Toxic stress occurs when a child has underwent a traumatic event for so long that the body fails to recover fully. This type of stress is considered "toxic," because of its high correlations with modified gene expression, increased allostatic load, and issues with cognitive and social-emotional development.

Toxic Stress

The toxic stress response affects the neuroendocrine-immune network, and that response leads to a prolonged and abnormal cortisol response. The resultant immune dysregulation increases the risk of infections in children. The toxic stress response is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders, behavioral dysregulation, PTSD, and psychosis. 

Toxic Stress Response

Types of Physiological Stress Responses

- Difficulty concentrating
- Difficulty with decision-making

Types of Cognitive Stress Response

- Drinking alcohol
- Smoking
- Taking actions to eliminate cause of stress

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