Example of types of relations in a causal diagram

Parent relationship

Ancestor relationship

Child relationship

Descendant relationship

Causal Diagram Example

Use of Causal Diagrams to Inform the Design and Interpretation of Observational Studies: An Example from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP)

Average Causal Effect (ACE)

Path Analysis

Introduction to Path Analysis

Empirical Estimand

Three Basic Junctions in Causal Diagrams

Comparison of Bayesian Networks and Causal Diagrams