Garrison, D., Anderson, T., Archer, W. (1999). Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education. The Internet and Higher Education.  

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Follows four events: 
1) a triggering event, characterized by a sense of puzzlement, followed by 
2) collaborative exploration and information exchange in different media, 
3) after which students engage in integration, where they connect and defend those ideas. 
4) resolution phase is reached, where the initial problem is solved, the solution is practiced and new ideas can be applied in practice to other problems or outside their study environment (Garrison., 1999, 2001). 

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