Perceiving something as a unit vs. piece-by-piece to make sense of it (native vs. foreign language)

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

-  Bottom-up processing
-  Top-down processing 
-  Unitization 

Attention Process Mechanisms

Processing sensory information as it comes in (e.g. flashing light, alarm) It is driven by salience.

Bottom-up Processing

Top-down processing is a perceptual process where the recognition of stimuli is guided by an individual's pre-existing knowledge, experiences, and expectations. This cognitive approach is typically goal-directed, slow, deliberate, and effortful, operating under conscious control to interpret incoming sensory information.

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