By modern standards, Rudolf Virchow's presentation of Robert Remak's ideas regarding cell division as his own is considered an act of plagiarism. In the $${}19$$th century, however, academic integrity standards were less clear. Virchow avoided significant repercussions due to his strong reputation and an anti-Semitic political climate that marginalized Remak, a Jewish scientist. Today, practices like peer review and easy access to scientific literature help discourage plagiarism in academia.

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Rudolf Virchow ($${}1821$$–$${}1902$$) was a Polish-born German scientist known as the 'Father of Pathology.' He pioneered determining the causes of diseases by examining their effects on tissues and organs, and was among the first to use animals in his research. Virchow popularized the second tenet of modern cell theory in his $${}1855$$ editorial essay 'Cellular Pathology,' using the Latin phrase omnis cellula a cellula ('all cells arise from cells').

Rudolf Virchow

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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