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A hypothesis test of the correlation coefficient can be structured as either two-tailed or one-tailed. A two-tailed test is utilized when a researcher has no prior expectation regarding the direction of the relationship, whereas a one-tailed test is selected if a specific directional relationship (either strictly positive or strictly negative) is anticipated.

Tails of a Correlation Test

When is a two-tailed hypothesis test for a correlation coefficient utilized?

If a researcher anticipates that an increase in sleep duration will lead to a decrease in stress levels, they should structure their hypothesis test for the correlation coefficient as a two-tailed test.

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