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The variance, symbolized as $$SD^2$$, is a measure of variability defined as the mean of the squared differences between each score and the distribution's mean. While variance is a foundational measure in inferential statistics, its square root—the standard deviation—is typically used in descriptive statistics.

Variance

To calculate variance and standard deviation, you first determine the squared differences from the mean and average them. For instance, if the sum of squared differences is $$28$$ for $$8$$ scores, the variance is $$28 / 8 = 3.50$$. The standard deviation is the square root of this variance, resulting in $$\sqrt{3.50} = 1.87$$.

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