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While case studies are useful for generating hypotheses, they have significant methodological limitations and should never be used as empirical evidence to support theories. They lack the strict experimental controls necessary for internal validity, making it impossible to determine causation or rule out alternative explanations. Additionally, because they typically focus on a single, often atypical individual, case studies suffer from poor external validity, meaning their findings cannot be generalized to the broader population. Finally, case studies are particularly susceptible to researcher bias, as the subjective nature of the analysis provides ample opportunity for the researcher's theoretical views to influence the case description.

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