Columbia University

The Type A behavior pattern is defined by several specific characteristics, including an excessive competitive drive, a chronic sense of time urgency, impatience, and hostility directed toward others, particularly those who are perceived as obstructions.

Key Characteristics of the Type A Behavior Pattern

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Extensive research has identified the anger and hostility dimension of the Type A behavior pattern as a primary predictor for the development of heart disease. This link is strongly supported by meta-analyses, such as a major 2009 review of 35 studies, which concluded that anger and hostility are significant long-term risk factors for negative cardiovascular outcomes. This risk applies to both healthy individuals and those with pre-existing heart conditions.

Anger and Hostility as Risk Factors for Heart Disease

Which Type A Behavior Pattern Dimension Is the Most Predictive of Heart Disease?

The case of Jeffrey provides a clear illustration of the Type A behavior pattern. From a young age, he was highly driven and competitive, achieving academic and athletic success. As an adult, Jeffrey is a workaholic who is perpetually unable to relax and feels a constant pressure of time, often feeling that he hasn't accomplished enough. This manifests as taking on extra work and working late. His impatience and hostility are evident in his interactions with coworkers he deems slow and with other drivers during his commute. This chronic pattern of stress and hostility culminated in him suffering a heart attack at age 52, linking the behavior pattern to severe health consequences.

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