An example of a prepositional phrase is "All flights  [from Cleveland]."

Prepositional phrase

A non-finite clause is when a gerundive postmodifiers is used, which gets is name because they consist of a verb phrase that begins with the gerundive form of the verb. An example of an non-infinite clause is a "any of those [leaving on Thursday]."

Non-finite Clauses

A postnominal relative clause is a clause that often begin with a a relative pronoun. An example of a relative clause is  "a flight  [that serves]  breakfast"

Relative clauses

Head nouns can be followed by postmodifiers, which include three kinds, prepositional phrases, non-finite clauses, and relative clauses.

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Noun phrases are important for selecting proper syntactic complexity. The several different noun phrases consist of the determiner, the nominal, before the head noun, after the head noun, and before the noun phrase.

Noun Phrases

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Speech and Language Processing (3rd ed. draft) 

Noun phrases can begin with lexical determines which then typically serve as a foundation for more complex expressions. However determiners may be optional if the noun they modify is plural, mass noun, or an abstract noun.

The Determiner

The nominal follows the determiner containing any pre- and post- head noun modifiers. This rule also provides the basis for the bottom of various recursive rules used to capture complex nominal constructions.

The Nominal

Words that can appear before the head noun but after the determiner in a nominal are cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, quantifiers, and adjectives.

Words Before the Head Noun

Words After the Head Noun

Words before the noun phrase are word classes that modify and appear before noun phrases, also known as predeterminers. Many predeterminers have to do with a number, or amount.

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