https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/05/01/lebanon-sinking-into-one-of-the-most-severe-global-crises-episodes


University of San Diego

Add political science references as child nodes here.


Political Science References

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 2). Political science. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science

Wikipedia - Political Science

American Politics. (2021, June 2). Columbia University. https://polisci.columbia.edu/content/american-politics#

Columbia University - American Politics

Government structure. USAFacts. (2020, April 18). https://usafacts.org/annual-publications/2020/government-10-k/part-i/item-1-purpose-and-function-of-our-government-general/government-structure/.

References for government structure

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Wikipedia - Comparative Politics

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Essentials of International Relations

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Wikipedia - Political Theory

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Wikibooks - Comparative Politics

Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Dahl: On Democracy

Stasavage, D. (2020). Democracy, Autocracy, and Emergency Threats: Lessons for Covid-19 From the Last Thousand Years. International Organization 74, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000338

Stasavage (2020)

Bosancianu, C. M., Dionne, K. Y., Hilbig, H., Humphreys, M., KC, S., Lieber, N., & Scacco, A. (2020). Political and Social Correlates of Covid-19 Mortality. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ub3zd

Bosancianu et al. (2020)

Frey, C. B., Chen, C., & Presidente, G. (2020). Democracy, Culture, and Contagion: Political Regimes and Countries Responsiveness to Covid-19. Covid Economics, 18, 1-20. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06808503-78e4-404f-804f-1f97ab2c7d7e

Frey et al. (2020)

Meaning of liberal democracy in English. (2021, June 8). Lexico. https://www.lexico.com/definition/liberal_democracy

Lexico - Liberal Democracy

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Our World in Data - Hungary Covid-19 Overview

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Our World in Data - New Zealand Covid-19 Overview

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Jefferies et al. (2020)

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Social and Political Correlates of Covid-19

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Tasnim et al. (2020)

Schellekens, P. & Sourrouille, D. (2020). COVID-19 Mortality in Rich and Poor Countries: A Tale of Two Pandemics. World Bank Group, May 2020, pp. 1-33. 

Schellekens & Sourrouille (2020)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard & Kaufman (2021)

Lührmann, A., Maerz, S. F., Grahn, S., Alizada, N., Gastaldi, L., Hellmeier, S., Hindle, G., & Lindberg, S. I. (2020). Autocratization Surges – Resistance Grows: Democracy Report 2020. Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.

Lührmann et al. (2020)

Plattner, M. F. (2016). Is Democracy in Decline? Democracy & Society, 1(4), 1-7. 

Plattner (2016)

Armingeon, K. & Guthmann, K. (2014). Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007-2011. European Journal of Political Research, 53, 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12046

Armingeon & Guthmann (2014)

Essers, D. (2012). Democracy and external shock resilience in developing countries: Evidence from the Great Recession (No. 2012.02). University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).

Essers (2012)

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Remmer (1990)

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Haggard (2000)

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Kyle & Meyer (2020)

Populist Leaders in Eastern Europe Run Into a Little Problem: Unpopularity. (2021, June 21). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/world/europe/eastern-europe-populist-leaders-unpopular.html

Unpopular Populism (New York Times)

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Naxera (2018)

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Partridge (1998)

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de Giorgi (2019)

Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (2017). Introduction. In Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (Eds.), Democratic Brazil Divided (pp. 3-23). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 

Kingstone & Power (2017)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2020). Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world: Appendix. In S. Haggard & R.R. Kaufman, Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108957809

Haggard & Kaufman (2020) - Appendix

Sata, R. & Karolewski I. P. (2020). Caesarean politics in Hungary and Poland. East European Politics, 36(2), 206-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.1703694

Sata & Karolewski (2020)

Weyland, K. (2003). Economic voting reconsidered: Crisis and charisma in the election of Hugo Chávez. Comparative Political Studies, 36(7), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414003255106 

Weyland (2003)

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Hunter & Power (2019)

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Vacas-Soriano & Fernández-Macías (2018)

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Havlík (2019)

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Lührmann and Lindberg (2019)

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Grumbach (2021)

Pippa Norris. (2020). Electoral Integrity in the 2020 American Elections (PEI-US-2020). Electoral Integrity Project: Cambridge, MA.

Norris (2020)

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Lebanese Civil War

Lugo-Ocando, J., & Cañizález, A. (2021). The return of the Caudillos in the digital age–changing hegemony and Media Caesarism: Continuities and changes in the news media landscape under the Chavismo. In When Media Succumbs to Rising Authoritarianism (pp. 90-105). Routledge.

"The Return of the Caudillos"

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Buxton (2020)

Venezuelan, A., & Ausman, J. (2019). The devastating Venezuelan crisis. Surgical Neurology International, 10, 1-6.

"The Devastating Venezuelan Crisis"

Posner, P. W. (2021). Reevaluating the Chávez Regime: Participatory Democracy or Rentier Populism?. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 40(2), 299-315.

Posner (2021)

Oner, I. (2021). Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity.

"A Populist Without Popularity"

Hernández, I., & La Rosa, J. R. (2020). Venezuela and Its Calamities: Add Covid-19 to the List.

"Venezuela and COVID-19"

Smilde, D. (2019, January 8). Venezuelans want President Maduro out, but most would oppose foreign military intervention to remove him. The World. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-01-08/venezuelans-want-president-maduro-out-most-would-oppose-foreign-military 

Pri.org

Jiménez, M. (2021). Contesting Autocracy: Repression and Opposition Coordination in Venezuela. Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321721999975

Jiménez (2021)

Bahout, J. (2016). The Unraveling of Lebanon's Taif Agreement: Limits of Sect-based Power Sharing (Vol. 16). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Taif Agreement - Lebanon

Azar, E. E., & Haddad, R. F. (1986). Lebanon: An anomalous conflict?. Third World Quarterly, 8(4), 1337-1350.

Edward Azar on Lebanon

World Bank Press Release on Lebanon

https://www.davispoliticalreview.com/article/lebanons-political-reality-beacon-of-hope-or-endless-darkness

Davis Political Review on Lebanon (2020)

https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/lebanon-protests


Human Rights Watch Blog on Lebanon

Malley, M. (2018). The Lebanese Civil War and the Taif Accord: Conflict and Compromise Engendered by Institutionalized Sectarianism. The History Teacher, 52(1), 121-159.

Lebanese Civil War & Taif Accord

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Akkar Explosion

Wikipedia: Government

Wikipedia: Federal Government of the United States

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Wikipedia: Federal Government of Australia

Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034

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