In Wilhelm Wundt's two-dimensional model of personality, the second major axis distinguishes temperaments based on their changeability. This axis divides the changeable temperaments (choleric and sanguine) from the unchangeable temperaments (melancholic and phlegmatic).

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In the 19th century, psychologist Wilhelm Wundt proposed that personality could be more effectively described using a two-dimensional model rather than discrete categories. He introduced two primary axes: one distinguishing between emotional and nonemotional tendencies, and another between changeable and unchangeable traits. This model provided a more nuanced way to map and understand the four classical temperaments.

Wilhelm Wundt's Two-Dimensional Model of Personality

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Wundt's two-dimensional personality model can be visualized as a circle divided into four quadrants by two axes. The vertical axis represents emotional strength, ranging from 'Strong Emotions' to 'Weak Emotions,' while the horizontal axis represents temperament stability, ranging from 'Changeable Temperaments' to 'Unchangeable Temperaments.' Each quadrant corresponds to one of the four classical temperaments: Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic, and Melancholic.

Visual Representation of Wundt's Temperament Model

In Wilhelm Wundt's two-dimensional model of personality, the first major axis evaluates emotional strength. This axis separates strong emotions from weak emotions, grouping the melancholic and choleric temperaments as having strong emotions, and the phlegmatic and sanguine temperaments as having weak emotions.

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