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A Category's Share of Errors Sets an Upper Bound on Improvement

If you measure what fraction of all mistakes comes from one specific cause, that fraction is the most you could hope to remove by fixing only that cause. For example, suppose a document classifier makes 12% errors, and 25% of those errors happen on low-resolution scans. Even if low-resolution cases were solved perfectly, the total error could fall by no more than 25% of 12%, or 3 percentage points, from 12% to 9%. If instead 60% of the errors came from that one cause, the same task could potentially cut the total error from 12% to about 4.8%. The category share tells you whether that target is worth prioritizing, but it does not guarantee the full gain will be achieved.

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Updated 2026-08-12

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