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A researcher begins with the general principle that 'all individuals who sleep less than six hours per night will show impaired cognitive performance.' The researcher then learns about a specific person, Alex, who consistently sleeps only five hours per night. Based on the initial principle, the researcher concludes that Alex must have impaired cognitive performance. However, upon testing, Alex shows above-average cognitive performance. Which statement best analyzes the flaw in the researcher's reasoning process?
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Example of a Deductive Reasoning Argument
A researcher begins with the general principle that 'all individuals who sleep less than six hours per night will show impaired cognitive performance.' The researcher then learns about a specific person, Alex, who consistently sleeps only five hours per night. Based on the initial principle, the researcher concludes that Alex must have impaired cognitive performance. However, upon testing, Alex shows above-average cognitive performance. Which statement best analyzes the flaw in the researcher's reasoning process?
Logical Hypothesis
Which of the following best describes deductive reasoning within a scientific context?