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A researcher wants to evaluate the impact of a new government program that provides extra funding to schools where the student poverty rate is above 40%. To do this, the researcher compares the academic outcomes of a school with a 75% poverty rate (which received funding) to a school with a 15% poverty rate (which did not). The researcher concludes the funding was ineffective because academic outcomes were not significantly different. What is the primary methodological flaw in this researcher's approach?
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A researcher wants to evaluate the impact of a new government program that provides extra funding to schools where the student poverty rate is above 40%. To do this, the researcher compares the academic outcomes of a school with a 75% poverty rate (which received funding) to a school with a 15% poverty rate (which did not). The researcher concludes the funding was ineffective because academic outcomes were not significantly different. What is the primary methodological flaw in this researcher's approach?
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A city implements a new policy to provide free public transit passes to all residents whose annual household income is below $30,000. A researcher evaluates the policy's impact on employment rates by comparing the employment outcomes of residents with incomes between $29,000 and $29,999 (who received the pass) to those with incomes between $30,000 and $30,999 (who did not). Which of the following scenarios represents the most significant threat to the validity of this study's design?
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