A researcher is replicating a classic study where a participant ('teacher') is instructed by an authority figure to administer what they believe are painful electric shocks to another person ('learner'). Based on the known principles of how situational factors influence obedience, which of the following modifications to the experimental setup would most likely result in the LOWEST rate of obedience (i.e., the fewest 'teachers' administering the maximum shock)?

A team of psychologists is designing a study based on classic obedience experiments where an authority figure pressures a participant to administer what they believe are increasingly severe punishments to another person. The team's goal is to create a condition that will yield the lowest level of obedience. Based on findings from variations of these experiments, which of the following scenarios would be most likely to achieve this goal?