Concept
Abu Sulayman al-Darani on Balancing Hope (Raja) and Fear (Khawf) to Preserve the Waqt
Abu Sulayman al-Darani teaches that the spiritual moment (waqt) depends on the servant's vigilant awareness (ri'aya) of the heart's state. He says: «إذا غلب الرجاء علی الخوف فسد الوقت» — when hope (raja) overcomes fear (khawf), the waqt is corrupted, because a servant guards the state only while fear dominates the heart; once fear departs, vigilance is abandoned and the moment is spoiled. Yet if fear wholly overpowers hope, tawhid is nullified. The teaching prescribes a disciplined balance in which fear slightly outweighs hope so that watchfulness over the heart and limbs is preserved.
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Updated 2026-07-20
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course