There was a total of 456 first-year college student participants enrolled in the study (220 = male, 236 = female) between the ages of 18 and 22, recruited across three eastern states in the US.

• At year one of the study, 228 students met the criteria for the ADHD group, 228 students met the criteria for the comparison (non-ADHD) group.
• The ADHD group was subdivided into groups based on self-reported medication use, with 94-99 students reporting medication use (ADHD-Med), and 96-105 not using medication (ADHD-NoMed).

Screening measures for the study include:

• Demographic information, including age, gender, race, ethnicity, etc.
• ADHD Rating Scale-Self-Report Version, assessing inattention symptoms, and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
• ADHD Rating Scale-IV, which is sent to parents to obtain additional diagnostic information from the participant’s childhood, and symptoms from the past six months.
• Semi-structured ADHD interview, created to address symptom presentation and impairment for each participant.
• Structured clinical interview for DSM disorders, which is sued to test for clinically significant presentations of psychiatric disorders.

Dependent measures for the study include:

• GPA on a four-point scale, recorded for each of the first four semesters of college.
• Progress toward graduation, determined by the percentage of credits earned relative to credits needed for graduation, relative to each university that the participants attended.
• Learning and study strategies inventory, which collects information on the students’ awareness about and use of learning and study strategies.
• Enrollment status, collected yearly for each participants.

Students were also asked to self-report if they received any pharmacological (medication), psychological, and academic treatment and support, including individualized education program services, and Section 504 accommodations.