- make remote work possible 

- physical presence in the office becomes less necessary and employees could work anywhere and anytime because they are virtually available

New York University

- Technologically-feasible: having access to technological tools is a necessary condition for remote work’s success

- Technostress and Isolation: two major challenges remote workers face when they work from home and depend on information and communication technologies (ICTs) to work

1. Technostress: stress and psychological burdens caused by adjusting to the use of ICTs and various platforms

2. Isolation: the feeling of isolation and loneliness caused by communication with colleagues and supervisors through ICTs


Technologically-Feasible Work Arrangement vs. Technostress and Isolation

Shirmohammadi, M., Au, W. C., &amp; Beigi, M. (2022). Remote work and Work-Life Balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD Practitioners. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2047380 

Remote work and work-life balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD practitioners

Advantages of Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)

Technostress: 

- adjusting to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the complexity of platforms make remote workers experience stronger psychological burdens, feel unprepared, or lack the appropriate technological tools, especially for new users

- more time needed for work communication, which increases the remote workers’ stress

- remote workers feel constantly connected to work, so the level of stress is increased

- having difficulty separating work and nonwork activities while working from home

Isolation

- low-quality social interactions resulting in less closeness between peers

- more stress and less productivity

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