Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a pervasive and persistent pattern of behaviour and emotional response, with poor prognosis and difficult treatment. It is characterised by a failure to conform to lawful and ethical behaviour along with an egocentric, callous lack of concern for others characterized by deceitfulness, irresponsibility, manipulativeness, risk taking, and high levels of impulsivity. In the scope of ASPD, aggression is a common symptom, and most times patients end up in criminal behaviour. One study found that the Portuguese translated version of IPAS has adequate psychometric properties, allowing the measurement of impulsive and premeditated dimensions of aggression.