An economist is preparing to model the effects of a sudden, unexpected increase in global oil prices on a national economy. To simplify the analysis, the economist wants to assume the economy begins in an ideal state of equilibrium before this event occurs. Which of the following scenarios best represents this ideal starting point?

Evaluating an Economy's Initial State

Identifying Deviations from Ideal Equilibrium

When beginning an analysis of an economic shock, it is appropriate to assume the economy is in its ideal initial state if the current inflation rate is stable and matches the central bank's target, even if unemployment is higher than its natural rate.