Based on the cognitive understanding of how traumatic events are remembered, explain why the veteran's memory is experienced as disconnected sensory fragments rather than a coherent, sequential story.

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A key component of the cognitive model of PTSD is the concept of memory disturbances. This idea suggests that traumatic memories are often not encoded properly, resulting in recollections that are fragmented, disorganized, and devoid of meaningful context. Instead of a coherent narrative, individuals may be left with intrusive, isolated memory fragments that are easily triggered by related cues.

Memory Disturbances in PTSD

- Recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic event
- Reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again (flashbacks)
- Upsetting dreams or nightmares about the traumatic event
- Severe emotional distress or physical reactions to something that reminds you of the traumatic event
- Such memories include not only visual images but also sounds, smells, tastes and bodily sensations

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