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Theory

ANM Identifiability Result

Hoyer et al. proved that the Additive Noise Model (ANM) is generally identifiable, demonstrating that if a joint distribution PX,YP_{X, Y} satisfies an additive noise model with orientation XightarrowYX ightarrow Y, then PX,YP_{X, Y} cannot satisfy an additive model with orientation YightarrowXY ightarrow X. However, specific cases exist where ANM is non-identifiable; in particular, the linear Gaussian case is non-identifiable.

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Updated 2026-05-17

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Data Science