Clostridium difficile bacteria is gram-positive, rod-shaped, and part of the normal microbiota of the body. Disruption of the normal microbiota causes overgrowths of the bacteria. Bacteria can survive for extended periods.

Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea Caused by C. difficile

Diarrhea caused by C. difficile overgrowth due to with long-term antibiotic use

University of Notre Dame

Common bacterial infections of the GI tract include:

- Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
- Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
- Salmonellosis
- Typhoid Fever
- *E. coli* Infections
- Cholera and Other Vibrios
- Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis
- Peptic Ulcers
- Clostridium perfingens Gasteroenteritis
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- Foodborne Illness Due to Bacillus cereus
- Foodborne Illness Due to Yersinia

Bacterial Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract

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Food intoxication caused by Staphylococcal bacteria associated with raw or undercooked and cooked foods including meat

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

GI infections associated with Shigella bacteria 

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

GI illness associated with exogenous Salmonella bacteria infection (mostly commonly with the S. enterica serotype), caused by ingesting contaminated food, handling eggshells, and exposure to some animals

Salmonellosis

A severe type of salmonellosis attributed to serotypes of Salmonella

Typhoid Fever

Commonly transmitted E. coli infections include:

- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 
- Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
- Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
- Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Commonly Transmitted E. coli Infections

GI illness caused by Vibrio cholera, characterized by diarrhea, and associated with poor sanitation, often spread by contaminated food and water

Cholera

Gastroenteritis caused by Camplyobacter jejuni bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis

Ulcers of the stomach or duodenum associated with Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Peptic Ulcers

Foodborne disease caused by Clostridium perfringens and associated with undercooked foods

Clostridium perfingens Gasteroenteritis

Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea

Gram-positive and endospore-forming Bacillus cereus bacteria can lead to foodborne diseases, especially after eating food left out at room temperature for too long.

Foodborne Illness Due to Bacillus cereus

Serotypes of Yersinia bacteria, Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, can cause gastroenteritis and intoxication, with infection occuring via fecal-route route or ingestion of fecal-contaminated food or water. Illness is mild.

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