Roles of In Vitro Models for COVID-19
In vitro models:
- (1) allow for better characterization and understanding of the host-pathogen interface and mechanisms of infection of SARS-CoV-2
- (2) serve as a platform for high-throughput screening of potential therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2
Accruate in vitro modeling is important to identify biomarkers that can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. 

Roles of In Vitro Models for COVID-19

- (1) target medications to specific organ systems to increase bioavailability
- (2) extend the release of medications so that frequent administration is not necessary
Tissue engineering is needed to develop vehicles to deliver therapeutic molecules (such as repurposed small-molecule drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and oligonucleotides) to the desired area.

Roles of Drug Delivery System Development for COVID-19

Biomaterials act as:
- (1) Particle-based platforms: biomaterials serve as the drug delivery vehicle for vaccines as well as the adjuvant to enhance immune system response. 
- (2) scaffold systems: pore size, profile of released recruitment signals, scaffolds, etc can potentially be used to concentrate antigen-presenting cells to vaccine components

Roles of Tissue Engineering in Creating Vaccine Platforms for COVID-19

Carnegie Mellon University

Tissue engineering aims to restore damaged tissues or organs by applying engineering and materials principles at the cellular level. It is used interchangeably with "regenerative medicine," which also focuses on providing cures, rather than treatments, for chronic damages to the body due to COVID-19

Tissue Engineering for COVID-19

Tatara A. M. (2020). Role of Tissue Engineering in COVID-19 and Future Viral Outbreaks. Tissue engineering. Part A, 26(9-10), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEA.2020.0094

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