- African Studies
- Asian Studies
- European Studies
- North and Latin American Studies
- Pacific Studies

Fields of Study in Area Studies

References for Area Studies

- Relation to Cold War Era tactics
- Rational Choice Theory

Criticisms for Area Studies

A multidisciplinary field of research focuses on researching groups defined by geographic or cultural means. It considers the relationship between politics, history, culture, language, and literature to the people. It is distinguished from cultural studies due to its inclusion of emigration and diaspora in its research.

San Jose State University

Arizona State University

Study and analysis of multi-level government operations, along with their societal impacts.

Political Science

History is the study and interpretation of a series of facts about the past and why certain events happened. 

History

- Area Studies 
- Design Science
- Cultural Ecology
- Sociology 

Interdisciplinary Fields in Cultural Anthropology 

Bruce Cumings (1997) Boundary displacement: Area studies and international studies during and after the cold war, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29:1, 6-26, DOI: 10.1080/14672715.1997.10409695

Boundary displacement: Area studies and international studies during and after the cold war

Harootunian, H. D., &amp; Miyoshi, M. (2002). Introduction: The ‘‘afterlife’’ of area studies. Learning Places: The Afterlives of Area Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822383598-002 

Learning Places: The Afterlives of Area Studies


Add political science references as child nodes here.


Political Science References

- American politics
- Comparative politics
- International relations
- Political economy
- Political methodology
- Political Systems
- Political theory
- Public policy

Political Science Subfields

Area Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lot of implications on policy decisions and the political spheres in many countries and regions 

Politics, Policy and the COVID-19 pandemic

- Political history
- Social history
- Cultural history
- Economic history
- Global history

Types of Historical Approaches

History References

- U. S. History
- European History
- Modern History
- Military History
- Ancient History

Subcategories of History

Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life. These interviews are conducted with people who participated in or observed past events and whose memories are to be preserved as a record for future generations. "Oral history strives to obtain information from different perspectives and most of these cannot be found in written sources." Oral history also means information gathered and usually is located in archives and libraries.

Oral History

- Reading and writing history is a craft that is grounded in a certain set of historical thinking skills.
- The discipline of history is a professional field and it is guided by evolving
methodologies (that is, how historians research and write).
- Historians ask research questions, which they revise as they learn more.
- Historians search for and analyze a wide variety of sources in order to make
historical claims.
- Historiography –the history of the research and writing of a topic– allows
historians to know what questions they should be asking and what story needs to be told.

Enduring Historic Understandings

- What is historical thinking?
- How are standards in the discipline of history established and by whom?
- How do research methodologies differ in the discipline of history?
- Why is the history of the writing of a historical topic (historiography) important to consider when doing original research?
- How do historians deliberate the interpretation of sources and significance of historical topics?
- How do historians write research questions?
- How do the types of sources differ?

Essential Historic Questions

Historians study "the beliefs and desires, the practices and institutions, of human beings."

Historians

- Studying history gives us insight into how our modern ideas, schools of thought, values, and issues are formed.
- Studying history gives us a worldwide view of different perspectives to multicultural societies and their values.
- Studying history helps us make better decisions for our future.

Why should we study history?

The study of the way culture influences changes within an ecosystem. 
AND VISA VERSA
The way the environment influences cultural changes.  

Cultural Ecology 

A collection of human behaviors and social norms that connect a group of people. These norms can include shared art, law, and beliefs, as well as other mutual commonalities.

Culture as a Sociological Issue

Cultural anthropologists can help people in a development organization understand the nature of cultural differences, which probably will not be intuitively obvious to them without some direct experience of the variations. There are also variations of culture within a single market, as different groups of people have unique anthropological characteristics, based on their occupation, background, or
interests.

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