The ARHGEF28 rs17664695 G allele is associated with elite strength athlete status. The protein encoded by the ARHGEF28 gene (location: 5q13.2) promotes control signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and movement and, in this way, is engaged in cell division and growth.

Michigan State University

The following short sequences of DNA have been used to identify chromosomes that modulate cellular signaling pathways in elite power athletes:

- CREM 
- IP6K3
- TRHR
- ARHGEF28
- ACVR1B
- GPC5
- NRG1
- CLSTN2 
- GABRR1

Genetic Markers Modulating Cellular Signaling Pathways in Elite Athletes

Maciejewska-Skrendo, A., Cięszczyk, P., Chycki, J., Sawczuk, M., & Smółka, W. (2019). Genetic Markers Associated with Power Athlete Status. Journal of human kinetics, 68, 17–36. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0053

Genetic Markers Associated with Power Athlete Status (Reference)

ACVR1B rs2854464 A allele is associated with increased muscle strength in healthy, non-athletic individuals. The ACVR1B gene encodes a receptor that is essential for signaling.

ACVR1B

The CREM A allele of the rs1531550 G/A polymorphism is significantly over-represented in athletes. CREM is important in mediating cAMP signal transduction during the spermatogenetic cycle. It is highly expressed in testis. 

CREM

The IP6K3 gene (location: 6p21.31) rs6942022 C allele is associated with power athlete status. This gene encodes a protein that serves as the second messenger and regulates diverse cellular functions by controlling cellular signaling and interacts with other cellular components. 

IP6K3

The TRHR rs7832552 T allele has been shown to be associated with increased lean body mass. The TRHR gene codes for a receptor that 
 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal functions. 

TRHR

ARHGEF28

The GPC5 gene (location: 13q32) rs852918 T allele was identified as associated with elite strength athlete status. The proteins encoded by GPC5 are believed to influence the complicated processes of cell division and growth.

GPC5

NRG1 rs17721043 A allele Is associated with power athlete status. The proteins encoded by the NRG1 gene (location: 8p12) have many different functions, and mutations in this gene have been associated with cancer, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (BPD).

NRG1

The CLSTN2 rs2194938 C allele as associated with power athlete status. CLSTN2 (location: 3q23) encodes a protein relevant in intracellular post-synaptic signaling.

CLSTN2

The GABRR1 gene (location: 6q15) rs282114 A allele has been found in the group of SNPs that were correlated with power athlete status. GABRR1 encodes one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system.

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