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An illustrative example of a pretest-posttest design with switching replication involves testing an exercise program for depression on two nonequivalent groups: clinical patients and university students. Initially, baseline depression scores are recorded for everyone. The patients then engage in the exercise routine while the students wait, and a second measurement is taken; if effective, only the patients' depression should decrease at this stage. Afterward, the students also begin the exercise program while the patients maintain it. A final assessment should then demonstrate a reduction in the students' depression, confirming the intervention's efficacy across two distinct populations.

Example of a Pretest-Posttest Design with Switching Replication

To illustrate a switching replication with treatment removal design, consider a study testing an exercise intervention on nonequivalent groups of depressed patients and depressed students. Researchers first measure baseline depression for both groups. Then, the patients begin the exercise program while the students do not. A second measurement should show decreased depression solely in the patient group. In the critical next phase, the treatment is removed from the patients (they stop exercising) and applied to the students (they start exercising). A final measurement should reveal that the students' depression levels have decreased, while the patients' depression levels have increased because they are no longer receiving the intervention.

Example of a Switching Replication with Treatment Removal Design

Arrange the procedural steps of the pretest-posttest design with switching replication in the correct order, as illustrated by the study testing an exercise program for depression on clinical patients and university students.

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