- Ethnic psychological captivity
- Ethnic encapsulation
- Ethnic identity clarification
- Bi-ethnicity
- Multi-ethnicity and Reflective nationalism
- Globalism  and Global competency

Six Stages of Bank's model

Research Studies Using Bank's Typology

- Distinctive in the inclusion of multiple ethnicities 
- Focus in education


University of Connecticut

- Helms's model of racial identity development,
- Banks's Typology of Ethnicity,
- Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity


Three Process Models of Ethnic and Racial Identity:



- Predominant in the counseling field
- Racial identity development models 
- Focus on how people develop racial and ethnic identity

Helms's Racial Identity Model

Banks's Typology of Ethnic Identity

* Milton J. Bennett's (1993) Model, Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), a significant departure from those of Helms and Ba
- Describes similar changes in a person's behavior, cognition, and affect
- Deals with learner's experience in understanding how different cultures "create and maintain world views"
- Each stage represents a new way of experiencing cultural difference

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