Research Studies Using Bank's Typology

Banks's Typology of Ethnic Identity consists of six stages: (1) ethnic psychological captivity, (2) ethnic encapsulation, (3) ethnic identity clarification, (4) bi-ethnicity, (5) multi-ethnicity and reflective nationalism, and (6) globalism and global competency.

Six Stages of Banks's Typology of Ethnic Identity

- Distinctive in the inclusion of multiple ethnicities 
- Focus in education


University of Connecticut

- Helms's model of racial identity development,
- Banks's Typology of Ethnicity,
- Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity


Three Process Models of Ethnic and Racial Identity:



* Milton J. Bennett's (1993) Model, Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), a significant departure from those of Helms and Ba
- Describes similar changes in a person's behavior, cognition, and affect
- Deals with learner's experience in understanding how different cultures "create and maintain world views"
- Each stage represents a new way of experiencing cultural difference

Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

Helms's Racial Identity Model is a predominant framework in the counseling field that focuses on how individuals develop their racial and ethnic identity.

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