- "Sense of group or collective identity based on one's perception that he or she shares a common racial heritage with a particular racial group" (Helms, 1990, p. 3). 
- Examining the development of racial identity and for facilitating meaningful interactions and instruction in classrooms 
- Helms's model of White racial identity development consists of two sections with three stages each

Helms's Racial Identity Model: Racial Identity

Research Studies on Helms's Racial Identity Model

- Predominant in the counseling field
- Racial identity development models 
- Focus on how people develop racial and ethnic identity

University of Connecticut

- Helms's model of racial identity development,
- Banks's Typology of Ethnicity,
- Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity


Three Process Models of Ethnic and Racial Identity:



Helms's Racial Identity Model

- Distinctive in the inclusion of multiple ethnicities 
- Focus in education


Banks's Typology of Ethnic Identity

* Milton J. Bennett's (1993) Model, Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), a significant departure from those of Helms and Ba
- Describes similar changes in a person's behavior, cognition, and affect
- Deals with learner's experience in understanding how different cultures "create and maintain world views"
- Each stage represents a new way of experiencing cultural difference

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