- Collective: newcomers go through common experiences designed to produce standardized responses to situations

- Formal: newcomers are segregated from other members and put through experiences tailored to newcomers

- Sequential: newcomers are given a clear sequence of experiences or stages they will go through

- Fixed: newcomers are given a fixed timetable regarding when they will move through stages

- Serial: newcomers observe and get training from experienced role models, who give newcomers a clear view of the experiences they will encounter

- Investiture: newcomers receive positive feedback confirming their prior identity

Organizational Dimensions to Socialize Newcomers in Online Communities

Effective framing encourages self-selection of members, which helps ensure members are a good fit for the community. Newcomers will be happier, more likely to contribute effectively, and more likely to stay in the community if they have a complete and accurate impression of the community before they join it. 

Correctly framing an online community to give newcomers a complete and accurate picture of the community increases the fit of those who join

1. Recruitment
2. Selection
3. Retention
4. Socialization
5. Protection

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

A user who has recently joined an online community

Newcomers in Online Communities

Kraut, Robert E., and Paul Resnick. Building successful online communities: Evidence-based social design. MIT Press, 2012.

Building successful online communities: Evidence-based social design (Kraut and Resnick)

When making contributions, most newcomers do not follow any external structure and they adopt their own techniques that stick overtime 

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