In 1973, Eugene Hammel, an associate dean at the University of California, noticed a worrisome trend in the university’s admission rates for men and women. According to his data, it is shown that 44 percent of the men who applied to graduate school at Berkeley had been accepted, compared to only 35 percent of the women. After a careful investigation, Eugene found out that even though for each apartment, the admissions decisions were consistently more favorable to women than to men, the admission rate for women is lower than that of men. The causal story Eugene discovered is that women were rejected in greater numbers because they applied to harder departments to get into, like history and literature, therefore having a lower acceptance rate.