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Bewilderment and the Metaphor of the Circle in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 14, Poem 20)
In Chapter 14, Poem 20 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet conveys a state of profound existential and spiritual confusion using the metaphor of a circle (دایره). By describing himself as being 'like a circle... without foot and head,' Attar illustrates an endless, disorienting state that lacks a clear beginning, end, or direction. This intense bewilderment (سرگشتگی) is coupled with extreme inner suffering, represented by the recurring Sufi motif of 'blood dripping from the liver' (خون جگر), which signifies the deep sorrow and agony endured by the seeker.
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Updated 2026-07-04
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course