The Boston Marathon Bombing happened in 2013. FBI lead crowdsourcing in an attempt to gain photos and videos on the Marathon. The FBI was able to find a photograph of a suspect and asked for help with the identification. The digital volunteers did more than that they launched their own investigation eventual falsely accusing two men of being the perpetrators. The FBI did eventually find the real perpetrators.  

Collective Intelligence During The Boston Marathon Bombing

To test if this phenomenon existed in other situations, researchers created an online survey sent to a few thousand participants after the Boston Marathon Bombings. Participants estimated the amount of time they spent watching content related to the attack, gave self-reported mental health scores, and answered if their daily life was impaired in anyway.

Further Investigation into Psychological Effect of Mass Media

The Boston Marathon bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred in 2013 near the finish line of the race. The immediate aftermath of the explosions was a scene of chaos, characterized by scattered debris, numerous injuries to spectators and runners, and civilians helping one another.

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1. Economic Crisis
2. Cultural/Social Crisis
3. Political Crisis
4. Natural Disasters 
5. Terrorism 
6. Pandemic or widespread disease 
7. Nuclear or Chemical Crisis
8. War 

Types of Crisis

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The Flooding of Alberta, Canada happened in 2013. The Mayor, Naheed Neshi, of Calgary used media and social media in order to share information regarding response and recovery efforts. In effect, Neshi became the "puppetmaster" and was able to organize the online volunteer efforts. Multiple other organizations including the Calgary police did the same thing using Twitter and Facebook to share information and request help.  Outside of the political realm of information sharing the community was able to stay connected and share information about resources, equipment, food, and illegal activity like price gouging. 

Collective Intelligence During The Flooding in Alberta, Canada

The Haiti Earthquake happened in 2010. Digital volunteers from around the world organized themselves and created a massive global collective in order to analyze data coming from Haiti. The volunteers translated reports into different languages. They also used and analyzed satellite images in order to create digital maps. They used apps like OpenStreetMap and Ushahidi to share not only information but geographical locations in order to build the map. The information gained and shared by the volunteers enabled the emergency resopnders a clearer image of what was happening on the ground. 

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