Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) encompass a multitude of diseases including parasitic, viral and bacterial infections. NTDs differ from other tropical diseases, such as Malaria, because there is a significant absence of investment in active disease surveillance, lack of available healthcare services and a low involvement by local, state and federal public health agencies. NTDs disproportionately affect developing countries, where access to health care is poor. However, NTDs are also present in areas with high rates of poverty in the United States. NTDs can diminish quality of life and socioeconomic opportunities; as a result, these diseases reinforce the cycle of poverty among already disadvantaged populations.


Neglected Tropical Diseases

- Dengue
- Zika
- Japanese Encephalitis
- West Nile
- Rift Valley Fever
- Chikungunya
- Yellow Fever

Arboviruses Causing Pregnancy Associated Infections

Vector borne disease is a disease that is transmitted to humans, plants, and animals by any arthropod species. 

Vector Borne Diseases

- Vector-Borne Diseases
- Arboviruses Causing Pregnancy Associated Infections
- Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Zoonotic Diseases

Georgetown University

Arizona State University

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. The diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from person to person. 

Infectious Disease

Pandemic refers to a new infectious disease that spread worldwide. A pandemic is not the same as an epidemic as the disease spreads beyond a select community or region. The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for declaring when a global pandemic is occurring by monitoring outbreaks of disease and receiving advice from international health experts. 


Pandemic

"A case definition is a set of standard criteria for classifying whether a person has a particular disease, syndrome, or other health condition. "

Definition of Case Definition

“Cluster refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number may not be known”

Cluster Transmission Definition

Time between a primary case having symptom onset and a secondary case having symptom onset.

Serial Interval Definition

$\frac{number of new cases among contacts}{total number of contacts}$ 


Secondary Attack Rate Definition

- PubMed
- Lumen Learning
- Textbooks
- WHO
- The Gulf of Mexico: A "Hot Zone" for Tropical Diseases?
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Human Rickettsialpox, Southeastern Mexico
- The SARS-CoV-2 crisis and its impact on neglected tropical diseases: Threat or opportunity?
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- A Handful Of ‘Antipoverty’ Vaccines Exist For Neglected Diseases, But The World’s Poorest Billion People Need More
- Pregnancy Associated Arbovirus Infections
- Covid-19: Implications for People with Chagas Disease

References for Infectious Disease

Categories of Infectious Diseases



The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses and infects the nose, throat, and lungs. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at a higher risk of serious complications.  The two main types of the flu are Types A and B, which are routinely spread in people and  responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics that occur each year.

Seasonal Influenza (Flu) 

The study of the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of illness or disease in a given population

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