History of Pandemics. Human Well-Being Research and Policy Making. Springer International Publishing (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56529-8_2

History of Pandemics

A global outbreak or pandemic, which is caused by a new Influenza A virus that is different from the current seasonal flu, and can infect and spread quickly and easily.

Pandemic Influenza

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11th

COVID-19 pandemic

A pandemic is an outbreak of a new infectious disease that spreads worldwide. It is distinct from an epidemic, which is an outbreak confined to a specific community or region. The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for declaring when a global pandemic is occurring by monitoring disease outbreaks and receiving advice from international health experts.

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Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. The diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from person to person. 

Infectious Disease

Pandemic

"A case definition is a set of standard criteria for classifying whether a person has a particular disease, syndrome, or other health condition. "

Definition of Case Definition

“Cluster refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number may not be known”

Cluster Transmission Definition

Time between a primary case having symptom onset and a secondary case having symptom onset.

Serial Interval Definition

- PubMed
- Lumen Learning
- Textbooks
- WHO
- The Gulf of Mexico: A "Hot Zone" for Tropical Diseases?
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Human Rickettsialpox, Southeastern Mexico
- The SARS-CoV-2 crisis and its impact on neglected tropical diseases: Threat or opportunity?
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- A Handful Of ‘Antipoverty’ Vaccines Exist For Neglected Diseases, But The World’s Poorest Billion People Need More
- Pregnancy Associated Arbovirus Infections
- Covid-19: Implications for People with Chagas Disease

References for Infectious Disease

- Vector-Borne Diseases
- Arboviruses Causing Pregnancy Associated Infections
- Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Zoonotic Diseases

Categories of Infectious Diseases



The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses and infects the nose, throat, and lungs. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at a higher risk of serious complications.  The two main types of the flu are Types A and B, which are routinely spread in people and  responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics that occur each year.

Seasonal Influenza (Flu) 

The study of the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of illness or disease in a given population

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