The process by which hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into different kinds of blood cells that later mature for circulation in the blood

Hematopoiesis

Cellular defenses of the innate immune response can be attributed to white blood cells (leukocytes), which is a type of formed element in the non-fluid component of blood. Cellular components of immune responses are composed of many subtypes of leukocytes that all arise from hematopoiesis. 

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Types of nonspecific innate immune defenses include:
- Physical defenses
- Chemical defenses
- Cellular defenses

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Types and Subtypes of Nonspecific Innate Immune Defenses

Chaplin, D. D. (2010). Overview of the immune response. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(2), S3-S23.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923430/
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.980

Overview of the Immune Response

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Nonspecific Innate Immune Defense Types and Subtypes (Table 17.1). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 685), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University.

Nonspecific Innate Immune Defense Types and Subtypes

Physical defenses are the body's most basic form of defense in nonspecific innate immunity. Through physical barriers, mechanical defenses, and the microbiome, the body is able to prevent microbes from moving to infection-vulnerable areas of the body and compete with pathogens for binding sites that can facilitate infection.

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Physical Defenses of the Innate Immune Response

Cellular Defenses of the Innate Immune Response

The nonspecific innate immune response, in additional to other types of defenses, employs chemical mediators to protect against unwanted microbes. 

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