Nonspecific Innate Immune Defense Types and Subtypes (Table 17.1). Reprinted from OpenStax Microbiology (p. 685), by N. Parker, M. Shneegurt, A.-h. Thi Tu, B. M. Forester, and P. Lister, 2016, Rice University. Copyright 2016 by Rice University.

Nonspecific Innate Immune Defense Types and Subtypes

Physical defenses are the body's most basic form of defense in nonspecific innate immunity. Through physical barriers, mechanical defenses, and the microbiome, the body is able to prevent microbes from moving to infection-vulnerable areas of the body and compete with pathogens for binding sites that can facilitate infection.

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Physical Defenses of the Innate Immune Response

Cellular defenses of the innate immune response can be attributed to white blood cells (leukocytes), which is a type of formed element in the non-fluid component of blood. Cellular components of immune responses are composed of many subtypes of leukocytes that all arise from hematopoiesis. 

Cellular Defenses of the Innate Immune Response

The nonspecific innate immune response, in additional to other types of defenses, employs chemical mediators to protect against unwanted microbes. 

Chemical Defenses of the Nonspecific Innate Immune Response

Types of nonspecific innate immune defenses include:
- Physical defenses
- Chemical defenses
- Cellular defenses

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University of Notre Dame

All components of the innate immune response are the result of germ-line genes of the host organism.  Some of these defense structures are always active, such as barriers, mucus, and cilia, but the molecular responses become active when a host cell or protein comes into contact with the invading foreign entity.  Some of these elements work in tandem with the adaptive immune response by activating antigen-specific cells.

Components of the Innate Immune Response

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In order to protect the body, the following systems are involved in the innate immune system and have been organized into two categories: 
- Extracellular Processes 
- Intracellular Processes 


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